Are Women Earn 77 Cents On The Dollar Versus Society

We’ve been told this lie before, even from the President of the United States. Women earn 77 cents on the dollar compared to men. (Kessler, Glenn) There have been articles, reports, and social media activism promoting equal pay. I’m here to take an unpopular, but necessary, opinion. The wage gap as you know it is a myth. It’s a product of bad statistics and bad economics. The largest factor behind wage inequality, of the sexes, is getting men and women into different occupations without societal judgment. Men are focusing on jobs with higher economic outlook, and women are focusing on jobs that are most beneficial to the community. (Solis, Hilda S, Keith Hall) While there is nothing wrong with that, it does lead to a perceived pay disparity. This issue is fundamentally misleading and economically illogical. It is being posed as unequal work for equal pay, when the reality is that it’s an unequal workforce. It’s been argued by some that the addition of women to certain fields has been known to lower average wages. This may be explained by considering that when you add more supply to an occupation, the demand needs to increase as well or the prices will stagnate or fall. A study would have to control for overall number of occupants in a field relative to its demand to prove this. The purpose of this essay is to explain how you actually determine pay inequality, what it actually is, and what is actually causing the statistics we’re seeing. This movement caught fireShow MoreRelated Discrimination in the Workplace Essay1523 Words   |  7 Pages Discrimination in the work place towards women is extremely common and occurs in everyday life. You can prove this by explaining how women in the workplace get paid, get promoted and get treated based on their sex. Sex discrimination in the workplace comes with many different faces. In its most basic form, it involves outright exclusion of women, solely by reason of their gender. Even where women have gained access to the workplace, sex discrimination may persist in other ways. ExamplesRead MoreThe Social Problem Of The Gender Wage Gap3058 Words   |  13 PagesApril 8 is â€Å"Equal Pay Day,† which is an event where the main purpose is to raise awareness in regards to the social problem of the gender wage gap. The president makes his announcement that women still earn only about 77 cents for every dollar a man earns. There are people advocating left and right for women to take a stand and sue their employers for wage discrimination or make demands they want the government to fulfill. The question becomes whether or not what everyone is fighting for is actuallyRead MoreSocio Cultural influences on sexuality809 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ When examining influences on sexuality one has to look at many different factors. One of those factors that has an influence on sexuality is the culture or society that person is from and their expectations of sexual behavior. Gender identity, their roles, and stereotypes associated with a person’s gender also play a part. Finally the psychological impacts of these expectations and how commercial sex influences expectations and perceptions of sexualityRead MorePushing the Glass Ceiling1840 Words   |  7 PagesWomen have been pushing at the glass ceiling for years, but have yet to shatter it. The glass ceiling has prevented women from reaching their highest potential in the work force. The inequality between men and women has been prevalent because of unfair stereotypes and the idea that women are unfit leaders. Ann Morrison describes the glass ceiling as a barrier â€Å"so subtle that it is transparent, yet so strong that it prevents women from moving up the corporate hierarchy†(Empowering Women). It is oftenRead MoreKate Talk By Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie1643 Words   |  7 PagesShe states that this is the first definition of feminism she encountered, when she was told by her childhood friend that she was a feminist. This definition is also brought up in Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead by Sheryl Sandberg. She presents statists regarding this definition. She says that when women are asked if they are feminists, 24% say that they are, but when they are presented with the definition, the percent jumps to 65%. She says that our success lies in understanding what weRead MoreSex Based Discrimination Within The Workplace Essay1821 Words   |  8 Pagesworkplace Women make up 49.5% of the population in the world (The World Bank, 2016). On April 08, 2014, President Obama had announced a national statistic during his State of the Union address. â€Å"Today, the average full-time working woman earns just 77 cents for every dollar a man earns...in 2014, that s an embarrassment. It is working.† -President Obama, remarks on equal pay for equal work, April 8, 2014 Women work an extra 68 days to earn the same pay as a male. The lower pay for a female versus a maleRead MoreRace, Class, And Gender2137 Words   |  9 Pagesthat are associated with race, class, and gender of all people and how they are affected by the three main characteristics that make individuals who they are. Of course, I knew and associated racism and stereotypes with social issues concerning our society in terms of race. Before taking Social Issues, I associated race with racism and stereotypes as most people do. But as the course continued I found a new respect and understanding of race, class, and gender and the stereotypes, racists comments,Read MoreBusiness Law Final Essay2880 Words   |  12 PagesTitle Course Instructor Date Women’s Progression Through Employment and Labor Laws The United States of America is known as the land of the free and home of the brave. Americans are privileged to live in a society where there are laws created and continuously enforced to ensure the protection of the citizens’ rights. Law-breakers have consequences and punished for their wrongdoings and not obeying the law. The government is expected and challenged to practice equality in all decisionsRead MoreGender Inequality : The Workplace Against Women2153 Words   |  9 PagesGender Inequality in the Workplace against Women SOCI 3432 M50 Professor Stockton April 26, 2016 Shandrika Jackson Over the last ninety years, women have battled to become equal with men in all aspects of life and work (Parcheta, 2013). Male domination and power has become the social assumption as gendered occupations and beliefs have been projected throughout society as the status quo. Though challenging, this status quo is still present. Women have manufactured huge developments in careerRead MoreThe Body Development And Composition Of Men And Women Essay2297 Words   |  10 Pages From the beginning of time, men and women have competed against one another over many aspects of life. By this, I mean intellectual differences, work ethic, and how each gender is suppose to behave in society. The examples above cannot be, in any way, biased towards any particular gender; meaning when it comes to education, work ethic, and social roles, men and women are completely equal and should be treated as such. However, when referring to the physiological differences between the body development

Macbeth as a Tragic Hero - 985 Words

In William shakespeare’s Macbeth,Macbeth is a classic example of a tragic hero in shakesperean work.Macbeth display the major characteristics of a tragic hero throughout the play until his tragic end.The play potrays Macbeth as a lost cause by showing how he fell from being a honest and just man who fought for whats right, to a cruel,superstitious,ambicious dictator.In william shakespreares Macbeth,Macbeth is a tragic hero because he compromises his honor and negates his moral values in order to obtain power which results with lots of tragic events such as character deaths leading to his tragic end. The influence of Lady Macbeth, also contributes to Macbeths down fall in character.When Macbeth told lady mabeth of what the witches had told him, lady macbeth was instantly transformed into a cold blooded creature.†I would, while it was smiling in my face,Have pluckd my nipple from his boneless gums,And dashd the brains out, had I so sworn as you Have done to this†.Greed makes lady Macbeth visualize the power and influence she will get.She loses her moral values and questions macbeths courage. †But screw your courage to the sticking-place,And well not fail†.She trys to manipulates macbeth in order to gain what she wants.Eventually lady macbeth succeeds when she questions macbeths man hood.When you durst do it, then you were a man; / And to be more than what you were, you would / Be so much more the man.If lady macbeth didnt do this, Macbeth wouldnt have beenShow MoreRelatedMacbeth As A Tragic Hero1139 Words   |  5 PagesThe Macbeth character in Macbeth by William Shakespeare can be played many ways.  Macbeth s relationship with other characters in the play and Aristotle s theory of a tragedy are ways in which Macbeth is shown as a tragic hero I am going to explain to you how Macbeth is a true tragic hero. At the very beginning of the play,  Macbeth  and Banquo are returning to Scotland from a fierce battle between the Norwegians and the Scottish. They have just won the war for Duncan.   This shows a noble virtueRead MoreMacbeth as a Tragic Hero1513 Words   |  7 PagesMacbeth as a Tragic Hero William Shakespeare s plays have the reputation of being among the greatest in the English language and in Western literature. Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the 16th century. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, and Macbeth, considered some of the finestRead MoreMacbeth as a Tragic Hero1453 Words   |  6 Pagespresents Macbeth as a tragic hero? The 17th century play, ‘Macbeth’ by William Shakespeare, was written during a time when James the first became the first king of both Scotland and England. The characters in the play are also based upon his descendants. The play itself focuses on the character of Macbeth who is manipulated into committing regicide by 3 witches. As the play progresses, both him and his wife begin to lose all sense of morality, resulting with both of their deaths in the end. Macbeth isRead MoreMacbeth As A Tragic Hero893 Words   |  4 PagesSeidewand Andreacchi February 13th 2017 ENG2D1-02 Macbeth as a Tragic Hero A tragic hero can be described as a character obtaining heroic qualities that is, at the same time, destined for their own downfall. Unfortunately, Macbeth is an example of a character that has this title. In Shakespeare’s time during the writing of the play was the reign of King James of England, and the play ‘Macbeth’ reflects on Shakespeare’s own relationship with this king. Someone of greatRead MoreMacbeth - a Tragic Hero2214 Words   |  9 PagesShakespeares play Macbeth, written in the 1600s is a perfect example of Shakespeares ability to manipulate his audience through creating a tragic hero. A tragic hero who, because of a flaw, tumbles from a well-respected hero to a cowardless murderer. It is through Shakespeares manipulation of figurative language, dramatic conventions and social expectations of the seventeenth century, do the audience witness the demise of this mixed up man. Macbeths persona of the tragic hero is enhanced evenRead Mor eMacbeth as a Tragic Hero846 Words   |  3 Pages The tragic hero has been a major storytelling tool in recent years that makes the audience relate to, respect, and feel sympathy for a character which is undone by the end of the story. But can this title be given to Macbeth, the titular hero of the Shakespeare play by the same name? Yes, absolutely- Shakespeare’s Macbeth follows this plot path in numerous ways. Throughout the play, we are introduced to Macbeth’s belovedness, the crushing of said established belovedness, and his own undoing. Read MoreMacbeth As A Tragic Hero1685 Words   |  7 Pagesprotagonist who appears to be a â€Å"tragic hero† in the overall play. In other words, this character is one who has made an error in his judgement, providing that this error eventually leads to their own ruin or destruction. Within Macbeth, Macbeth the character is regarded as a tragic hero, but with the distinct and evident explanation of his evil and the succession of his acts of violence, it may not be as clea r cut as to whether he is a tragic hero or not. Though Macbeth does commit an error that leadsRead MoreMacbeth As A Tragic Hero2154 Words   |  9 Pages Karen H. Macbeth Show how Macbeth is seen as a tragic hero â€Å"The catastrophe of the tragic hero thus becomes the catastrophe of the fifth-century man; all his furious energy and intellectual daring drive him on to this terrible discovery of his fundamental ignorance - he is not the measure of all commodity but the commodity measured and found wanting.† The words ‘tragic hero’ has undergone a deceptive and detrimental process, it goes from a favorable connotationRead MoreMacbeth As A Tragic Hero2015 Words   |  9 PagesMacbeth Show how Macbeth is seen as a tragic hero â€Å"One of the most tragic things I know about human nature is that all of us tend to put off living. We are all dreaming of some magical rose garden over the horizon-instead of enjoying the roses that are blooming outside our windows today.† The words ‘tragic hero’ has undergone a deceptive and detrimental process, it goes from a favorable connotation to a repulsive connotation. A tragic hero makes â€Å"judgment errors† that are inescapable and it ultimatelyRead MoreMacbeth is a Tragic Hero995 Words   |  4 Pages Macbeth was a true tragic hero. He had many noble qualities as well as several tragic flaws. He was a courageous, brave and good nobleman who was haunted by superstition, moral cowardice and an overwhelming ambition.(Boyce) Macbeth’s ambition to be king starts off as just a desire and progressively as the play goes on it becomes his tragic flaws. Lady Macbeth convinces her husband to murder king Duncan by putting his manhood and courage at stake. Macbeth is represented as a tolerably good man up

Auditing and Ethical Task Standards Board

Question: Discuss about the Auditing and Ethical Task Standards Board. Answer: Introduction: The section 110 is issued by the Accounting Professional and Ethical Standards Board (APESB), which is initiated by the institute of chartered accountants of Australia and CPA Australia. It is required by auditor to fulfill the fundamental requirements these are: Auditor should be open toward his professional relationship, not be biased, confidentiality to be kept until and unless there is a requirement by law, proper compliance of all the rules and regulations relating to audit and ethics (AICPA, 2016). Threats can be reduced to acceptable level by obtaining full information and about the client, management orientation and activities done and obtaining commitment from client towards corporate governance policies (APESB, 2010). Direct communication can be done between the auditor and client regarding any threat identified; it is more preferable to get the consent of the appropriate authority of the company preferably in written during audit engagement. It would enable the audit firm to present as evidence if any case filed against them. Documentation is done to reduce the liability of firm toward the corporate governance, in which member has to document the threat, its nature and its extent over the organization. It is prescribed that an audit entity should determine the possibilities of threats by reviewing previous audit conducted by the firm. Potential types of threats to Fellowes and Associates: One of the accountants who was a part of 2014 team , he owns shares in HCHG, as per APES 110, when any auditor has any direct or indirect interest in the working of the organization, it is to be mentioned in the audited statements. Hence it can be a threat to the audit team, though it is not found material to them, but to safeguard the threats it should be mentioned to remove the future conspiracies. It is the responsibility of the audit team to emphasize any loans and advances, any merger and acquisition done or removal of the key managers, or employing or installing any new workforce, tangible and intangible resource. Hence Fellows and Associates should mention this holding in their report. In an audit firm there can be following threats: Self review threats: is a threat under which an evaluation will not be done of the previous judgments and audit statements formed by either him or his team. Self interest threat: in this financial or other interest affect the members decision. Advocacy threat: in this client position id promoted. Here auditor objectivity suffers the most. Familiarity threat: due to the long duration of relationship between the client and auditor team. Intimidation threat: here there is indirectly pressure on the members hence he is devoid from acting objectively (Carey, Subramanian Ching, 2006). Circumstances which can lead to familiarity threats for a member: Any member of the firm has a close relation as a director or officer post at the client office. When any member is in a position that he/she can be influenced by the client for example he is in the close relation with the person employed in the clients office. When a member accepts any gift or enters into any preferential agreement with the client. Members having any long associated relationship with client. Safeguards to these threats can be apportioned into two categories: Work environment safeguarding. Safeguarding profession, regulation or lawfully. When the firm emphasizes on the principles of fundaments importance. When the firm has the leadership style to act in the public interest only. Quality control policies and procedures Previous audit conducted or reviewing financial and business relationship with the audit client. And even if there are threats and management of the client is refusing to accept, then the audit firm has an option to go to those charged with governance or the governing body. Action to eliminate the threats and safeguards Safeguards are the measures which help in reducing eliminating threats and reducing them to the acceptable level. Action that needs to be taken by Fellowes and Associates to eliminate the potential threats are as follows: According to IESBA if an auditor is unable to eliminate or reduce threats to an acceptable level, then he can discontinue his service, or if required he can resign from audit engagements. There might be removal of the person appointed in the assurance team. It has been given permission to the auditor to communicate with the clients internal auditor; by this the audit firm will get help regarding the threats involved in the organization and what should be the nature and extent of audit procedure conducted. The audit firm can also visit the organization without prior informing to check whether the company maintains the records and follow rules and procedures as it says. And even if the client did not accept the audit firm saying then in such a case auditor can mention his statement in footnote of auditor report. In the given case study the client has requested the firm to provide an opinion that the instruments used in the hospital are fir to use where they are actually harming the patients through its harmful radiation. Hence in this case if it seems to auditor that this issue is material, the auditor must mention this in his report rather accepting it in the exchange of the clients company goodwill. Safeguards hat can help in eliminating or can reduce them to an acceptable level. They are broadly classified in two categories: Safeguards by profession or law working environment safeguards Safeguards by profession or law are: Corporate governance regulation, professional standards, disciplinary procedures, third party review, and professional development requirements. Whereas in working environment safeguards the firm should follow the fundamental principles, various procedures and policies regarding quality control, documentation regarding the audit work( internal policies, procedures), communicating the audit work to all the members (Allen Siegel, 2002). References: AICPA,(2016), A framework for the auditor independence, Journal of accountancy Allen,W,T Siegel,A,.(2002), Threats and safeguards in the determination of auditor independence, Washington university law review, volume(80), issue (2) APESB, (2010), APES 110 code of ethics for professional accountants, accessed on 26 December, 2016, viewed at https://www.apesb.org.au/uploads/standards/apesb_standards/standard1.pdf APESB. (2015). Standards and guidance, accessed on 26 december,2016, viewed on https://www.apesb.org.au/page.php?id=12 Carey, P,. Subramanian, N,. Ching, K,C,W,.(2006), Internal audit outsourcing in Australia, Accounting and finance,(46),(11-30) Christopher,J,.Sarens,G Leung,P,.(2007), Analysis of internal audit function, a critical independence of the internal audit function: evidence from Australia Kendalls, B. (2009), Australian master accountants guide, CCH Australia limited, Sydney Taylor Francis. (2016). Visualizing intangibles: measuring and reporting in the knowledge economy

Milk Plant free essay sample

Sections of dairy milk plant Raw Milk Reception Dock (RMRD) Milk Processing Section Milk Filling Section Milk Production Section Byproduct section Parlour Products Section Milk Drying Section Quality Control Laboratory Refrigeration and Boiler Sections Raw Milk Reception Dock (RMRD) Activities related to various milk reception take place in this milk reception dock. Obviously, this section should have adequate space for unloading of cans, sampling, grading, weighing, testing and storage of milk and cleaning of cans. Generally this RMRD is provided with interconnected chain conveyors to transfer the cans from the unloading point to the weigh balance and from the outlet of the can washer to the loading point. Other equipment that find a place in this RMRD include weigh balance, dump tank, can washer etc. Milk Processing Section It is located next to the RMRD section. This section shall be spacious enough to accommodate milk chiller, pasteurizer (usually HTST in large dairies), homogenizer, cream separator, milk storage tanks, Cleaning In Place tanks (CIP tanks) and reconstitution unit. We will write a custom essay sample on Milk Plant or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Raw milk tanks are generally located at an elevated level Milk Filling Section Sachet filing machines are installed in this section. Standardized, pasteurized milk is stored in tanks located at higher level than the ground to facilitate gravity feeding. The filled up pouches are transferred by conveyor belt and stored in crates and in turn the crates are moved to the chilling chamber which is located next to the milk filling section. Immediately next to the milk filling section is the crate washer room which supplies cleaned crates to the filling section continuously. Milk Production Section This section is located adjacent to the milk processing section. The surplus fat obtained during the cream separation operation is processed as cream and this section includes cream storage tanks, butter churn, butter melting vat, ghee boilers, ghee storage tanks and ghee filling and packaging units. Deep freezer capable of bringing down the temperatures up to -30 °C is kept in this section for preserving the dairy products. Byproduct section This room is located next to the milk product section. The equipment and the utensils that find a place in this section include casein drying unit, casein vat, sour cream separator, butter churn for sour cream and facilities to handle curdled milk. Parlour Products Section In this section, equipment for the value added products like ice cream, peda, masala butter milk, shrikhand etc are provided. Milk Drying Section In a bigger dairy, milk condensing and drying units are usually installed. This include milk condensing plant, condensed milk tanks, homogenizer, spray or drum drying equipment, nitrogen packaging chamber, and tins and carton packaging units. Quality Control Laboratory The quality control section is generally located near or at least easily accessible to the raw milk receiving dock. It has facilities to test the fluid incoming milk, milk products testing, packaging materials testing, bacteriological and mycological analysis and AGMARK grading sections. Naturally, this section accommodates all the equipment required for the quality control tests. Refrigeration and Boiler Sections Though considered auxiliary to the main dairy operations, the refrigeration and boiler sections nevertheless, do play a vital role in the processing of milk and dairy products. They can be housed in the main dairy building itself or located in a separate building adjacent to the main plant. The refrigeration section consists of ammonia compressors, receivers, chilled water tanks, etc. Condensers are usually located on the roof of the refrigeration section or outside the building. The boiler section includes the boilers, water softening units, water tanks for soft water storage and coal storage or furnace oil storage section. UTILITY Power used-11kv Transformer-750VA transformer(step down) By using it  we step down voltage levels from 33kv to 11kv for distribution to substations where the 11kv is further stepped down to 415v. [pic] Low tension panel is used- Metering Panel Board- These Metering Panel Boards are made of16/2mm/ 2. 5 mm cold rolled, mild steel metal clad, free standing, totally enclosed, cubicle type, fully compartmentalized, outdoor / indoor   installations and suitable for operation on 11kV, 3ph, 50Hz. , and AC earthed system. The panel contains the equipments and components complete with bus bar interconnections, control wiring, designation labels, caution notices, EB sealing and pad locking facilities wherever required. [pic] MV PANEL- The Switchboards are designed and developed keeping in mind future expansion of the Industry. All the enclosures are fabricated out of 16/14 SWG CRCA steel sheets and they are also powder coated [pic] DISTRIBUTION PANEL Distribution Panels or panel board is a type of component of electricity supply system that is used for the division of electrical power feed into subsidiary circuits. It provides a protective fuse or circuit breaker in a common enclosure. There is provision of a main switch, one or more residual   [pic] STEAM- PRESSURE OF STEAM-14kg/cm2, 14 bar Types of Boilers There are many different types of boilers in the boiler room today in a variety of heating applications. There are two main categories of boilers among the different types of boilers and those two categories are steam and hot water boilers. Either of those categories can be fueled by oil, gas, or electric (although electric is uncommon for steam boilers). They have different designs and piping configurations as a steam boiler system is designed to turned the water into steam and uses gravity and pressure to deliver the heat and the hot water boiler systems are designed to simply make hot water to be circulated (by a circulator or pump) through a piping system to provide heat. Typically, hot water boilers are more efficient than  steam boilers  for a few reasons. First, there is less heat loss throughout the hot water piping and the shell of the boiler because the  hot water boiler  operates at a lower temperature than the steam boiler. This means there is less heat loss throughout the entire boiler and piping system. Secondly, because the hot water boiler operates at a lower temperature, it requires less fuel or energy to convert into heat. What kind of boiler do you have in your boiler room? [pic] Water  Tube Boilers Water tube boilers  have many different tubes inside of it that have water circulating through them. Hot combustion gases surround these tubes and an exchange of heat is realized from the combustion gases to the tubes and water. The water tube boilers can be built for higher capacities and pressures than the fire tube boilers because the steam and/or hot water is confined in the tubes. Water Tube Boiler  sizes range from from 10 million BTU/h boilers all way up to 300 million BTU/h and these boilers are generally found in medium to large commercial/industrial use and can be either steam or hot water boiler in low to high pressure boiler applications. These boilers can be either oil boiler, coal boiler, or gas fired boiler and pass hot flue gases around tubes filled with water. Boiler combustion efficiencies depend on several factors for these boilers including: whether it is steam boiler or hot water boiler, combustion controls, flue dampers, frequency of tune-ups and/or air and/or water pre-heaters (boiler economizers). Fire  Tube Boilers Fire tube boilers  confine the combustion process and gases in tubes and water circulates around these tubes. Some fire tube boilers have turbulators inside of the tubes to cause turbulence of the flue gases. This increases the heat absorption into the water which makes the boiler more efficient. Fire Tube Boilers range in sizes from . million BTU/h up to 50 million BTU/h boiler these use hot flue gases passing through tubes submerged in water generally found in medium to large boiler commercial/industrial use and can be either steam or hot water boilers in low to medium pressure applications. Again as with the water tube boiler combustion efficiencies depend on several factors as noted above. There are various names applied to different fire tube boilers such as: Scotch Marine, locomotive, firebox, and vertical or horizontal return tube. Condensing  Boilers [pic] Condensing Hot Water Boiler Between steam and hot water and water tube and fire tube boilers there exists conventional atmospheric boilers and condensing boilers. The condensing boiler is far more efficient than the conventional atmospheric boiler. A condensing boiler typically has two heat exchangers and absorbs more heat from the flue gases. It actually absorbs so much heat from the gases that moisture in the flue gases condenses and needs a drain to drain off. This condensed liquid is highly corrosive and it is necessary for the manufacturer to build the condensing boiler out of special materials to prevent corrosion to the equipment. Typically, the flue is PVC pipe or stainless steel and is resistant to the corrosive effects of the condensation. Additionally, because so much heat is removed from the flue gases, the products of the combustion process need help to be safely vented. Usually a fan is used to either push or pull these gases out of a vent. Condensing boilers are typically rated at 90 plus efficiency ratings whereas the conventional atmospheric boilers are typically rated at around 80 percent plus. Conventional Atmospheric Boilers Conventional atmospheric boilers do not use a blower motor to remove the combustion byproduct gases. Instead they rely on the combustion gases to have enough heat to cause the gases to rise through the flue and channeled safely outside of the dwelling. If for some reason too much heat is removed from the flue gases condensation can occur inside the flue or chimney. This condensation can have corrosive effects to both the flue and the chimney and cause severe problems. It is important that a qualified HVAC technician inspect the boiler and that they check of the temperature of the flue gases. Using a combustion analyzer, a qualified technician can tune the boiler to make sure that the temperature of the flue gases is set to optimum levels so that the gases will properly vent and that the gases do not have too much heat in them. If the flue gases are too hot then you are losing efficiency up the flue. If the flue gases do not have enough heat in them then you can have condensation issues which cause corrosion. Have your boiler checked and inspected at least annually to maintain optimum efficiency. Electric Boiler One other type not mentioned above is the electric boiler. One could say that an electric hot water heater is an electric boiler although there are electric boilers that can heat water to steam temperatures. Boilers can use many types of fuels (oil, gas, coal, wood, and electric power) to heat water (or other liquids) but the main focus of Boiler Types article was to categorize the mechanical aspects and differences. [pic] Designing a process line In the dairy raw milk passes through several stages of treatment in various types of processing equipment before reaching the consumer in the form of a finished, refined product. Production usually takes place continuously in a closed process, where the main components are connected by a system of pipes. The type of treatment involved and the design of the process depend on the end product. The process described in this chapter is general milk pasteurisation. This process is the basic operation in market milk processing, and also constitutes an important pretreatment stage in a chain of dairy processes such as cheesemaking and cultured milk production. The aim is to present some of 190 Dairy Processing Handbook/chapter 7 he considerations which the plant designer has to face when planning a whole milk pasteurisation plant. Process design considerations There are many aspects to be considered when a process line is designed. They can vary and be very complex, which places considerable demands on those responsible for the preliminary planning. Project engineering always involves a compromise between different requirements such as: †¢ Product-related â€⠀œ concerning the raw material, its treatment and the quality of the end product. Process-related – concerning plant capacity, selection of components and their compatibility, degree of process control, availability of heating and cooling media, cleaning of process equipment, etc. †¢ Economic – that the total cost of production to stipulated quality standards is as low as possible. †¢ Legal – legislation stipulating process parameters as well as choice of components and system solutions. Fig. 7. 1 Generalised block chart of the milk pasteurisation process. The process illustrated in figure 7. 1 deals with heat treatment – pasteurisation – of whole milk, e. . market milk for sale to consumers. Some legal requirements In most countries where milk is processed into various products, certain requirements are laid down by law to protect consumers against infection by pathogenic micro-organisms. The wording and recommendations may vary, but the combination below covers the most commonly stated requirements: †¢ Heat treatment The milk must be heat treated in such a way that all pathogenic microorganisms are killed. A minimum temperature/holding time of 72 °C for 15 seconds Holding Tube Raw milk storage Heat Treatment intermediate storage Clarification process illustrated in figure 7. 1 deals with heat treatment – pasteurisation – of whole milk, e. g. market milk for sale to consumers Some legal requirements In most countries where milk is processed into various products, certain requirements are laid down by law to protect consumers against infection by pathogenic micro-organisms. The wording and recommendations may vary, but the combination below covers the most commonly stated requirements: †¢ Heat treatment The milk must be heat treated in such a way that all pathogenic microorganisms are killed. A minimum temperature/holding time of 72 °C for 15 seconds must be achieved. †¢ Recording The heating temperature must be automatically recorded and the transcript saved for a prescribed period of time. †¢ Clarification prior to heat treatment As milk often contains solid matter such as dirt particles, leucocytes (white blood corpuscles) and somatic cells (of udder tissue), it must be clarified. Since pasteurisation is less likely to be effective if bacteria are ensconced in lumps and particles in the milk, clarification must take place upstream of heating. Milk can be clarified in a filter or, more effectively, in a centrifugal clarifier. †¢ Preventing reinfection Heat exchangers are calculated so that a higher pressure should be maintained in the pasteurised milk flow compared to the unpasteurised milk and service media. If a leakage should occur in the heat exchanger, pasteurised milk must flow into the unpasteurised milk or cooling medium, and not in the opposite direction. In order to safeguard that a booster pump to create a pressure differential is often required and in certain countries it is mandatory. In the event of temperature drop in the pasteurised product due to a temporary shortage of heating medium, the plant must be provided with a flow diversion valve to divert the insufficiently heated milk back to the balance tank. Equipment required The following equipment is required for a remote controlled process: †¢ Silo tanks for storing the raw milk. †¢ Plate heat exchanger for heating and cooling, a holding tube and a hot water unit. Centrifugal clarifier (as only whole milk is to be treated, a centrifugal separator is not needed in this example). †¢ Intermediate storage tank for temporary storage of processed milk. †¢ Pipes and fittings for connecting main components and pneumatically operated vaves for controlling and distributing the product flow and cleaning fluids. †¢ Pumps for transportation of milk through the ent ire milk treatment plant. †¢ Control equipment for control of capacity, pasteurisation temperature and valve positions. †¢ Various service systems: – water supply – steam production refrigeration for coolant – compressed air for pneumatically operated units – electric power – drain and waste water. Most of the various service systems are described in chapter 6. 11. Service media requirements are calculated after the plant design is agreed upon. Thus the temperature programme for pasteurisation must be known, as well as the specifications for all other areas where heating and cooling are needed (cold storage, cleaning systems, etc. ), before the number and power of electrically operated machines, number of pneumatically operated units, working hours of the plant, etc. an be determined. Such calculations are not presented in this book. Choice of equipment Silo tanks The number and size of silo tanks are determined by the raw milk delivery s chedules and volume of each delivery. In order to operate the plant continuously without stoppages due to lack of raw material, a 7-hour supply of [pic] raw milk must be available. Preferably the milk should have been stored for at least 1 – 2 hours before being processed, as natural degassing of the milk takes place during Legal requirements for: †¢ Heat treatment †¢ Recording †¢ Clarification prior to eat treatment †¢ Preventing reinfection According to regulations set by the European Communities the heat treatment equipment must be approved or authorised by the competent authority and at least fitted with †¢ automatic temperature control †¢ recording thermometer †¢ automatic safety device preventing insufficient heating †¢ adequate safety system preventing the mixture of pasteurised or sterilised milk with incompletely heated milk and †¢ automatic recording device for the safety system referred to in the preceding intent. 192 Da iry Processing Handbook/chapter 7 that period of time. Short periods of agitation are acceptable, but agitation is not really needed until about 5 – 10 minutes before start of emptying, to equalise the overall quality. This avoids interference with the natural degassing process. Plate heat exchanger The main aim of pasteurising milk is to destroy pathogenic micro-organisms. To achieve this, the milk is normally heated to not less than 72 °C for at least 15 seconds and then cooled rapidly. These parameters are stipulated by law in many countries. [pic] When the relevant parameters are known, the platage (dimensioning) of the plate heat exchanger can be calculated. In the present example, the parameters are: †¢ Plant capacity 20 000 l/h †¢ Temperature programme 4 °C – 72 °C – 4 °C †¢ Regenerative effect 94% †¢ Temperature of the heating medium 74 – 75 °C †¢ Temperature of the coolant +2 °C The demand for service media (steam, water and ice-water) is also calculated, as this substantially influences the choice of valves for steam regulation and ice-water feed. Connection plates between the sections of the plate heat exchanger are provided with inlets and outlets for product and service media. The inlet and outlet connections can be oriented either vertically or horizontally. The ends of the plate heat exchanger (frame and pressure plate) can likewise be fitted with inlets and outlets. Dimensioning data for the plate heat exchanger are given in chapter 6. 1. Hot water heating systems Hot water or saturated steam at atmospheric pressure can be used as the heating medium in pasteurisers. Hot steam, however, is not used because of the high differential temperature. The most commonly used heating medium is therefore hot water typically about 2 – 3 °C higher than the required temperature of the product. Steam is delivered from the dairy boiler at a pressure of 600 – 700 kPa (6 – 7 bar). This steam is used to heat water, which in turn heats the product to pasteurisation temperature. The water heater in figure 7. 2 is a closed system consisting of a specially designed, compact and simple cassette type of plate heat exchanger (3) equipped with a steam regulating valve (2) and a steam trap (4). The service water is circulated by the centrifugal pump (5) via the heater (3) and the heating section of the pasteuriser. The function of the expansion vessel (7) is to compensate for the increase in the volume of the water that takes place when it is heated. The system also includes pressure and temperature indicators as well as safety and ventilation valves (8). Temperature control A constant pasteurisation temperature is maintained by a temperature controller acting on the steam regulating valve (ref. 2 in figure 7. 2). Any tendency for the product temperature to drop is immediately detected by a sensor in the product line before the holding tube. The sensor then changes the signal to the controller, which opens the steam regulating valve to supply more steam to the water. This increases the temperature of the circulating water and stops the temperature drop in the product. Holding The length and size of the externally located holding tube are calculated according to the known holding time and hourly capacity of the plant and the pipe dimension, typically the same as for the pipes feeding the pasteurisation plant. Dimensioning data for the holding tube are given in chapter 6. . Typically the holding tube is covered by a stainless steel hood to preventing people from being burnt when touching and from radiation as well. Pasteurisation control It is essential to be certain that the milk has in fact been properly pasteurised before it leaves the plate heat exchanger. If the temperature drops below 72 °C, the unpasteurised milk must be kept apart from the already pasteurised product. To accomplish this, a temperature transmitter and flow diversion valve are fitted in the pipe downstream of the holding tube. The valve returns unpasteurised milk to the balance tank if the temperature transmitter detects that the milk passing it has not been sufficently heated. Pasteuriser cooling system As already noted, the product is cooled mainly by regenerative heat exchange. The maximum practical efficiency of regeneration is about 94 – 95%, which means that the lowest temperature obtained by regenerative cooling is about 8 – 9 °C. Chilling the milk to 4 °C for storage therefore requires a cooling medium with a temperature of about 2 °C. Ice water can only be used if the inal temperature is above 3 – 4 °C. For lower temperatures it is necessary to use brine or alcohol solutions to avoid the risk of freezing cooling media. The coolant is circulated from the dairy refrigeration plant to the point of use as shown in figure 7. 4. The flow of coolant to the pasteuriser cooling section is controlled to maintain a constant product outlet temperature. This is done by a regulating circuit consisting of a temperature transmitter in the outgoing product line, a temperature controller in the control panel and a regulating valve in the coolant supply line. The position of the regulating valve is altered by the controller in response to signals from the transmitter. The signal from the transmitter is directly proportional to the temperature of the product leaving the pasteuriser. This signal is often connected to a temperature recorder in the control panel and recorded on a graph, together with the pasteurisation temperature and the position of the flow diversion valve. Booster pump to prevent reinfection Care must be taken to avoid any risk of contamination of the pasteurised product by unpasteurised product or cooling medium. If any leakage should occur in the pasteuriser, it must be in the direction from pasteurised product to unpasteurised product or cooling medium. This means that the pasteurised product must be under higher pressure[pic] than the medium on the other side of the heat exchanger plates. A booster pump, ref. 2 in figure 7. 3, is therefore installed in the product line, either after the holding section or before the heating section. The latter position minimises the operating temperature of the pump and prolongs its life. The pump increases the pressure and maintains a positive differential pressure on the pasteurised product side, throughout the regenerative and cooling sections of the pasteuriser. Installation of a booster pump is specified in the legal requirements for pasteurisation in some coun The complete pasteuriser A modern milk pasteuriser, complete with equipment for operation, supervision and control of the process, is assembled of matching components into a sophisticated process unit. Balance tank The float-controlled inlet valve regulates the flow of milk and maintains a constant level in the balance tank. If the supply of milk is interrupted, the level will begin to drop. As the pasteuriser must be full at all times during operation to prevent the product from burning on to the plates, the balance tank is often fitted with a low-level electrode which transmits a signal as soon as the level reaches the minimum point. This signal actuates the flow diversion valve, which returns the product to the balance tank. The milk is replaced by water and the pasteuriser shuts down when circulation has continued for a certain time. Feed pump The feed pump supplies the pasteuriser with milk from the balance tank, which provides a constant head. Tries . [pic] Flow controller The flow controller maintains the flow through the pasteuriser at the correct value. This guarantees stable temperature control and a constant length of the holding time for the required pasteurisation effect. Often the flow controller is located after the first regenerative section. Regenerative preheating The cold untreated milk is pumped through the first section in the pasteuriser, the preheating section. Here it is regeneratively heated with pasteurised milk, which is cooled at the same time. If the milk is to be treated at a temperature between the inlet and outlet temperatures of the regenerative section, for example clarification at 55 °C, the regenerative section is divided into two sections. The first section is dimensioned so that the milk leaves at the required temperature of 55 °C. After being clarified the milk returns to the pasteuriser, which completes the regenerative preheating in the second section. Pasteurisation Final heating to pasteurisation temperature with hot water, normally of a temperature 2 – 3 °C higher than the pasteurisation temperature (? t = 2 – 3 °C), takes place in the heating section. The hot milk continues to an external tubular holding cell. After the hold, the temperature of the milk is checked by a sensor in the line. It transmits a continuous signal to the temperature controller in the control panel. The same signal is also transmitted to a recording instrument which records the pasteurisation temperature. Flow diversion A sensor after the holding cell transmits a signal to the temperature monitor. As soon as this signal falls below a preset value, corresponding to a specified minimum temperature, the monitor switches the flow diversion valve to diversion flow. In many plants the position of the flow diversion valve is recorded together with the pasteurisation temperature. For the location of the flow diversion valve, various solutions are available to satisfy local regulations and recommendations. Below are three alternatives which are commonly utilised: 1 The flow diversion valve is situated just after the holding cell. Where a booster pump is installed, the valve is located before the pump. If the temperature drops under preset level the valve diverts the flow to the balance tank and the pump stops. The flow in the regenerative and cooling sections thus comes to a standstill (even when no booster pump is integrated). After a short while, without temperature increase, the heat exchanger is emptied, cleaned and sanitised. When satisfactory heating is possible the plant is restarted. 2 The flow diversion valve is located after the cooling section of the plant. Following a drop of temperature the flow is diverted to the balance tank and the plant is emptied of product, cleaned and sanitised. The plant is then ready for restart when the temperature conditions are acceptable again. 3 The flow diversion valve is located between the holding cell and the boster pump. If the temperature drops the valve diverts the flow. The booster pump is not stopped, but other valves around the heat exchanger will automatically be positioned so that the milk in the regenerative and cooling sections will be circulated to maintain the right pressure in the plant. This also preserves a proper temperature balance. When the heating conditions are acceptable the process can be resumed without intermediate cleaning. Cooling After the holding section the milk is returned to the regenerative section(s) for cooling. Here the pasteurised milk gives up its heat to the cold incoming milk. The outgoing pasteurised milk is then chilled with cold water, icewater, a glycol solution or some other refrigerant, depending on the required temperature. The temperature of the chilled milk is normally recorded together with the pasteurisation temperature and the position of the flow diversion valve. The graph consequently shows three curves. Centrifugal clarifier As the milk in the present example is not going to be separated into skimmilk and cream, a centrifugal clarifier is shown in figure 7. 6. Some dairies specify centrifugal clarification of cold (

Emily and Calixtas Destructive behavior

Emily and Calixtas Destructive behavior Free Online Research Papers Emily Grierson is an unstable women who becomes isolated after the death of her father. Her father was the only love she ever experienced, only because her father did not allow her to experience the joys of doing things on her own nor the feelings of love and friendship. She lives a life void of love and affection. During this time Emily falls in love with Homer Barron. As she experiences love for the first time in her life, Miss Grierson’s relationship with homer becomes ill and short lived. Emily Grierson’s relationship with Homer Barron is a very unhealthy, destructive relationship. Homer is Emily’s first love and she wants to marry him but soon realizes he does not want to marry her. She is unable to cope with losing another man in her life and decides to take fate into her own hands. Emily decides to poison homer with arsenic, after doing so she keeps his body and continues to act as if he is still alive. Emily continues to sleep next to homer every night as indicated by the grey hairs found on the pillow next to homer’s remains. Emily’s perception of reality is clearly distorted when it comes to men as is her ability to allow change to occur in her life. Calixta is a mother, a wife and homemaker. She is beautiful with blue eyes and yellow hair an all around idea of a perfect women. Calixta sews, cooks, and she looks after the well being of her family quite well. She’s been married to Bobinot for five years and seems very happy with the life she lives. She has an affair with a man named Alcee Laballiere, this relationship is not as destructive as Emily’s because Calixta is not in love with Alcee and is already married. The affair is short lived, only occurring once and is unknown to everyone else. It was one night and one mistake neither was in love or emotionally involved as Emily was with Homer. There are many differences between Emily and Calixta. Differences between these two women include their background and lifestyle, Emily Grierson grew up with only the love of her father while Calaxta was free to date and love whom ever she desired. Also Emily does not commit adultery as Calaxta does. Emily does not have children to take care of and does not keep up well with herself or the house in which she lives. Calixta on the other hand has a child and a husband and takes care of the house the cooking and sewing. The main difference between Emily and Calixta is that Emily’s relationship with Homer Barron is very destructive in that she becomes ill over him and kills him, not to mention Emily is in love with a man that does not love her back. Calixta’s relationship with Alcee is not destructive because she is not in love with him nor is he in love with her. Research Papers on Emily and Calixta's Destructive behaviorComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementThe Fifth HorsemanEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenCapital Punishment

College Admission Essay Writing

College Admission Essay Writing College Admission Essay Writing College admission essay writing is not the same as research paper writing.College personal essay is also an opportunity for you to show your talents and creativity to your best advantage. While writing college application essay, you should include a lot of information about you, such as grades, recommendations, lists of your extracurricular activities and test scores. All of this information is very important and helps admission officers to understand in detail your achievements, abilities, and skills. Nevertheless, this information will also be told by other people, while your essay should tell the reader how you see yourself. College essay writing helps to understand why you decided to enter this or that college. Feel free to write about your achievements and how they can contribute to your future plans. Your English essay should show your strong desire to enter the chosen college, and that you are ready to accept the challenges and meet academic requirements. While writing college essay you should focus on your individuality and your points of view. It is your chance to express your ideas, tell something about you that doesn't really come across elsewhere in your application. Think over interesting moments or situations from your life. What is your opinion about modern world? What would you like to change? Be free to express yourself as you want even if you think that nobody else will support your position. Admission essay writing is the only opportunity to gain attention of the admission commission College Essay Topics College essay topic should be very carefully thought out. Avoid any kinds of jokes in your essay. Skillful integration of jokes into college essay writing is done mostly poorly and is not appreciated by the committee. Do not choose a topic if you cannot provide concrete examples for the body of the essay. Your English essay must be interesting with vivid examples. Remember that admissions officers will spend not more that few minutes reading each essay. Admission officers want to learn about you, therefore, you must develop your own voice and tell your story, not the story you think the reader wants to hear. Write about something meaningful and describe what you did and felt, and your essay will be unique. Many people travel to foreign countries or win competitions, but your feelings during these events are unique to you. Avoid writing an essay on such topic that will be remembered negatively. Stay away from specific religions, political doctrines, or controversial opinions. If you'r e not an excellent writer it would be better for you to write about events that have actually occurred. Write an essay about your life and demonstrate your personality. CUSTOM COLLEGE ADMISSION ESSAY WRITING Ordering custom college admission essay writing service at you receive paper of premium quality which gains the attention of the reader and underlines your strengths. Being admitted to the university of your dreams is so easy with our writing help! Read also: Descriptive Essay Sample Conformity Essay Computer Essay Essay Editing Service Editing Essay Learning Service Writing

Roe versus Vade Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Roe versus Vade Case Study - Essay Example Critics of the judgment have commonly made their arguments based on individual ethical beliefs which are immaterial when examining the language of the Constitution. The point of view that is opposed to the Roe decision can be promptly invalidated by the legal definition when evaluating the specific wordage contained within the Constitution in addition to understanding past precedent of constitutional decisions reached by the Supreme Court. However, there are legitimate questions regarding the Constitutional matters of the Roe decision that warrant answering. The word â€Å"abortion† is not contained within the Constitution but merely because the word itself is not present, the Constitution remains the source of legal precedence for this matter. The justices’ interpretation of the Constitution is the central focus of this subject. Since the Supreme Court is more conservative today in terms of general ideology than in 1973, many think that soon its interpretation of the i ssue will nearer resemble former Justice William Rehnquist’s dissenting opinion concerning Roe v. Wade. â€Å"The Court must be wrong to find any basis for this right in the 14th Amendment to the Constitution. To reach its result, the Court necessarily has had to find within the scope of the Fourteenth Amendment a right that was apparently completely unknown to the drafters of the Amendment† (Pavone 2005). Understanding that courts do undeniably have the power to intercede in decisions involving personal rights citing Constitutional precedence, could laws precluding abortions still be justified despite of what many consider an egregious encroachment on the civil rights of women? After all, constitutional rights are not absolute. Why shouldn’t the federal government be concerned with protecting the rights of persons yet to be born? The Fourteenth Amendment definitively answers this question. The Amendment begins by referring to â€Å"All persons born ... in the United States† (â€Å"Fourteenth Amendment†, 2011), signifying that the protections guaranteed by the Constitution refer to those persons who have already been ‘born.’ When many people criticize the Roe judgment, they base their opposition entirely on moral grounds but lawyers, scholars, and particularly judges who denounce the high court’s decision should do so based only on constitutional grounds. If they wish to voice their moral concerns they should draw a clear distinction between the legal and moral objections. The legal argument in opposition to the decision should address both the Fourteenth and the Ninth Amendment which states, â€Å"The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people† (â€Å"Bill of Rights†, 2011). Persons opposing legalized abortions have stated that the ninth, and all other amendments, does not expressly refer to an abortion proced ure consequently the Constitution does not apply when attempting to establish the legitimacy of abortion rights. This point of view, however, very apparently contradicts the statement of the Ninth Amendment which undoubtedly promotes the recognition of abortion rights and all other personal rights in addition to what is specifically contained in the Constitutio

Reflective account Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Reflective account - Essay Example First, this benefitted their company by producing quality service through their specialized skilled laborers. They gained the industry’s acclaim as the Best Large Company Apprenticeship in 2008. Because of their passion for becoming good at what they are doing, they acquired more clients in the business. I personally liked this initiative by the company because if I become part of their company one day, they would support my career and equip me with trainings that would make me an asset to their business. In terms of human resource development, A & P also shows the same level of dedication to their employees well-being. For example, many employees have been with them for the last thirty years. Nowadays, it is rare to see such cases of loyalty because competitors abound in a certain industry. In this case, it seems that A & P has been very good to its employees as well to their families because they remained to work for this company. In fact, a lot of old employees have forecas ted their retirement years with A & P. I was able to ask one of the employees and ask why they remained in this company and he just said† it’s like a family here†. Indeed, this is amazing and makes me interested to work here too. I also noticed that A & P observes strict regulations when it comes to safety. Areas are marked properly as well personal equipment that must be worn to keep them safe. Nothing is scattered that can cause accidents and every material is properly stored and labeled. Because of this, workers feel safe in their work environment and perform with their best effort. Aside from their focus on human resource development, I was impressed by how Pendennis manages its business development under the excellent leadership of Mr.Toby Allies. He is very professional in his dealings and takes the customer’s needs at heart. Even the five sectors under the sales and marketing department are very serious in taking notes of the customer’s commen ts. This just exemplifies good business practice, since they take care of their customers and make them feel valued. Many customers appreciate the ease of communication with the different departments inside the company since their needs or requests are promptly met. This shows that Pendennis is an open organization that is willing to innovate itself by meeting the expectations of its customers. Actually, they even go beyond what is asked of them because they inquire from customers what else they need. From what I saw, it must be exciting to work on one of their sectors and customize solutions that would please the customers. Likewise, it must also be satisfying to do business with this company because my demands would not just be met but also surpassed. Another surprising thing that I learned about Pendennis is that they only accept a number of projects at a time. This demonstrates their ability to focus on current projects instead of aiming to make more profit with many projects. T his may seem sort of a weakness to other companies, but I would appreciate this as a customer. This means that the company is willing to give its full attention to my needs adding more value to their service. In return, I would refer them to other businesses I know that would bring them more clients. Despite these advantages provided by Pendennis, A & P has a leverage when it comes to servicing customers overseas. The staff can travel to any

Beyond The Last Lamp and During Wind And Rain Essay Example for Free

Beyond The Last Lamp and During Wind And Rain Essay Compare the ways in which Hardy presents reactions to the loss of loved ones in these two poems Thomas Hardy uses change and passing time as symbols of death and loss in both poems: Beyond The Last Lamp and During Wind And Rain. The title, Beyond The Last Lamp, is a metaphorical way of describing darkness as the lamp signifies light and beyond light lies darkness, a representation of pain and misery. The whole poem revolves around a supposedly grieving, mysterious couple that the speaker observes over time. During Wind And Rain is also a depressing title as the rain suggests anguish and sorrow. The wind suggests progressing time, which could be seen as life, and perhaps death because that’s what life ultimately leads up to. A family is the subject of this poem and the speaker, again, tracks their progression over time. It is said that the poem is about the family of Emma Hardy, Thomas Hardy’s wife. Time represents and is represented by several different objects in both poems. Both poems use stanzas (Beyond The Last Lamp has five stanzas and During Wind And Rain has four) to develop ideas throughout the poem and show the passing time. ‘Ah, no; the years O!’ and ‘Ah, no; the years, the years;’ are alternately used as the penultimate line in each stanza of During Wind And Rain. This gives a sense of time moving at a fast pace and it being terrible and only bringing misery as the line is followed by an image of death. Place is used in powerful metaphors associated with time, life and death, and it gives the poem its atmosphere. Beyond The Last Lamp is set in a wet, dark lane, setting a heavy and depressing atmosphere. Even the light used in the poem is used to accentuate distress, ‘Each countenance as it slowly, as it sadly caught the lamplight’s yellow glance, held in suspense a misery’. There is also a close association between people and place as the speaker only remembers the lane through the couple: ‘Without those comrades†¦that lone lane does not exist’. Contrastingly, the atmosphere of During Wind And Rain is lively and happy for the first four lines of the stanza, as it focuses on a garden and family, however, it seems like the cheerful recollection ends with an ellipsis and the speaker is almost shaken back to reality. The last line of the stanza shows the place and nature in a dramatic and ghastly way, a clashing chord to the beginning: ‘How the sick leaves reel down in throngs’, showing the uncontrollable nature of death and the autumn season. ‘Reel’ connects with the previous to lines about music, ‘they sing their dearest songs’ since as a noun it means an Irish or Scottish folk dance. ‘And the rotten rose is ript from the wall’ uses alliteration to dramatize and emphasise the suddenness and horrific nature of death. Place is used to represent time, the stanzas show a progression of seasons: summer tree. Place is also used to describe the family going to heaven: ‘They change to a high new house’. The garden is also like a metaphor for life as it shows how people try and control it although it’s uncontrollable: ‘they clear the creeping moss†¦making the pathways neat’. People are the main focal points for both poems whether it is a family or a couple. The speaker writes as an outsider, an observer of these people. The couple in Beyond The Last Lamp are first described as ‘two linked loiterers’ which is then developed to ‘the pair seemed lovers’ in the second stanza, ‘twain, in the third, ‘tragic pair’ and then ‘comrades’. Through this change in description, the speaker’s change in perspective and opinion of the couple’s relationship is visible as they deteriorate from lovers to tragic pair. Although there is deterioration, the pain is present from the beginning of the poem. Absence of happiness is used to create the sad feeling of the poem. Time represents a change for the worse. Their emotions follow a similar pattern and can also be traced from heavy thought in the first stanza, to misery in the second to wild woe in the third. The actual change from happiness to misery isnt shown extensively in the poem, but it is hinted at: no longer orbed in loves young rays. However, the family’s relationships seem to remain intact throughout During Wind And Rain. The family of During Wind And Rain are shown as happy but unaware of the way time and death can remove everything: they are blithely. This almost naà ¯ve unawareness and the sudden, unexpected loss of happiness is used to emphasise feelings of pain. Time and their growth is shown by the differing description of its members: ‘Elders and juniors’ to ‘Men and maidens’. But they all die in the last stanza: ‘Down their carved names the rain-drop ploughs’. Time in this case represents death. The speaker has two very different styles in the poems although the perspectives are just as pessimistic about life and time. The already pessimistic perspective of the speaker also worsens as the poem progresses.

Motif of Play in John Updikes A&P Essay -- John Updike A&P

The Motif of Play in A & P  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the short story "A & P" the author, John Updike, uses the motif of play as one of the main means by which he develops the character of Sammy, the nineteen-year-old narrator and protagonist of the story. In his many and varied references to play, Sammy reveals, along with his obvious immaturity, his rich imagination and potential for possible growth. The story takes place in the summertime of 1960 on a Thursday afternoon. Sammy is employed at the A & P grocery store located in the middle of a town north of Boston, about five miles from the beach. Along with Sammy, the other characters involved in this story are three girls shopping in the A & P in their bathing suits, whom Sammy names Plaid, Queenie and Big Tall Goony-Goony; Stokesie, Sammy's married co-worker; and Lengel, the A & P manager. "A & P" is told from Sammy's point of view. Sammy presents himself as a nonchalant and flippant young man. He appears to be somewhat contemptuous of the older people shopping in the store. However, near the end of the story, we see that he does take responsibility for his conscience-driven behavior and decision, revealing his passage out of adolescence into adulthood through the courage of his convictions. We see Sammy's immaturity at its worst with his snide labeling of the customers in the A & P. An example of this occurs when he calls one lady "a witch about fifty with rouge on her cheekbones and no eyebrows" (p.33). Sammy places the blame on her for his mistake at the cash register. He claims she would have been burned at the stake in Salem if she had been alive then. In another instance, he refers to the housewives shopping as "houseslaves in pin curlers" (p.34). He seems to be fo... ...gives him some insight into his future. As he is walking away from the A & P he sees "Lengel in [his] place in the slot, checking the sheep through. His face was dark gray and his back stiff, as if he'd just had an injection of iron, and my stomach kind of fell as I felt how hard the world was going to be to me hereafter" (p.37). Sammy begins his transition from adolescence into adulthood here. He realizes that if he stays at the A & P he may end up like Lengel or the other sheep. He wants more out of life and his fantasy about being Queenie's "unsuspected hero" (p.36) allows him to escape. Sammy comes to the conclusion that life is not going to be easy and he is going to make decisions for himself that the people around him will not necessarily support. Work Cited Updike, John. "A & P." Literature (4th ed). Ed. Robert DiYanni. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998.

My Future Plans and Expectation Essay

As a child, I found my self-looking up to many people and admiring those that had accomplished so many great things in their lives. I grew up in a household of eight people; I am the fifth child of six. I never thought about my future plans and expectation growing up. I started thinking about my future when I was in high school and then after. Read more: My future plans essay I never thought that I would finish high school. Many friends and family have told me that I was not cut out to be in school. I never imagined ever finishing something that everyone thought that I couldn’t do. I must work really hard to give myself a better future. Who would have ever thought that I one day like to become a teacher and help students’ in a way that all the teacher through my education have helped me. As time passes it is hard to look back at my regrets and encourage myself to look back at my successes. I look ahead and try to motivate my self to do the best that I know I can as I encourage my self every day. When I think about my future plants, I see a sea of possibilities. As I have found a mentor that help me through my hard decisions. I believe that in five years I see myself still studying thank to my own motivation in wanting to gain more knowledge and learn more so I can one day become a great teacher.

Good And Evil: “How to Kill A Mockingbird” Harper Lee Essay

Good and evil go hand in hand. The relationship between good and evil can be seen in the Bible, through the stories of Adam and Eve and Cain and Abel. The correlation between good and evil is seen throughout history, through medians such as literature and the media. Neither good nor evil can exist without the other. The coexistence of good and evil is portrayed in Harper Lee’s â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† when the characters of Jem, Dill and Scout come across good and evil through Maycomb society. Jem is placed in situations where he is exposed to both good and evil in Maycomb. This is shown when Jem encounters good and evil through the closing of the knothole, the jury’s unjust verdict, and Mrs. Dubose. Jem is portrayed as a more mature character in this book but there are many instances in which he shows his ignorance to the evil in Maycomb. Jem is exposed to evil when Nathan Radley plugs the knothole with cement. Jem feels that, in a way, Nathan Radley is breaking the only connection between Boo and the children. The reader can see that the cementing of the knothole really affects Jem in the following quote, â€Å"When [the children] went in the house [Scout] had seen [that] [Jem] had been crying† (Lee pg.63). The closing of the knothole is perhaps the first time Jem realizes that Maycomb is not the perfect town he has always perceived it as, because it has both good and bad. Jem starts to understand that there is a lot more going on in Maycomb than what is seen on the outside. Another example of Jem’s exposure to the good and evil in Maycomb society is seen when the jury convicts Tom Robinson. Jem’s reaction reveals his emotions, as seen in the following passage: â€Å"[Scout] peeked at Jem: his hands were white from gripping the balcony rail, and [Jem’s] shoulders jerked as if each â€Å"guilty† was a separate stab between them† (Lee pg.211). Jem’s body language shows the thoughts and the feelings he has towards the jury’s verdict. Jem put a lot of faith into the jury, thinking that they would produce a fair verdict but he was let down when they all said â€Å"guilty†, even the Cunningham who had at first opposed the rest of the jury. This is another encounter Jem has that reveals both the good and evil in Maycomb. Finally, Jem faces both good and evil in the form of Mrs. Dubose. His initial reaction to her rudeness is anger, which is described in the quote, â€Å"‘Not only a Finch waiting on tables but one in the courthouse lawing for niggers! ‘† Jem stiffened. Mrs. Dubose’s shot had gone home and she knew it†¦. Jem was scarlet† (Lee pg. 101-102). All Jem can see in Mrs. Dubose is an evil old woman. The only time he sees something more than evil is when Atticus reveals to him that Mrs. Dubose was an ex-morphine addict. This changes his view of Mrs. Dubose. Jem sees a new side of Mrs. Dubose that he had never seen before. Jem starts to see that although she was grumpy and crude, she possessed courage, and in her own way, was good. Through the knothole incident, the verdict, and Mrs. Dubose, Jem starts to see the relationship between both good and evil and he understands that nothing is ever all good or all evil. Another character that has to face the reality of the coexistence of good and evil is Dill. Dill is still young and innocent. Through encounters with both good and evil in society, Dill gains experience and grows mentally and emotionally. Dill finds good and evil in the trial, the way his parents treat him, and Mr. Dolphus Raymond. Dill compares the roles that Atticus and Mr. Gilmer play in the trial. He becomes sensitive to the good of Atticus and the bad of Mr. Gilmer, the prosecutor. When Mr. Gilmer is cross-examining Tom Robinson, Dill feels that Mr. Gilmer is treating Tom Robinson unfairly. Unlike Atticus, Mr. Gilmer shows no respect for Tom and Dill empathizes with Tom. Dill’s feeling towards the unfairness is seen in the following passage: â€Å"‘That old Mr. Gilmer doin’ [Tom] thataway, talking so hateful to [Tom]'† (Lee pg. 198). Dill feels that it is wrong for Mr. Gilmer to treat Tom like he is inferior just because he is black. In seeing the comparison of Atticus and Mr. Gilmer in the way they carry themselves in the trial, Dill is starting to see the coexistence of good and evil. Dill feels that his parents are sometimes good and sometime bad. Dill feels that in many ways his parents are evil because all they do is ignore him. We see that he feels unwanted when he says â€Å"‘The thing is what I’m tryin’ to say is – they do get on a lot better without me†¦. They buy me everything I want but it’s now-you’ve-got-it-go-play-with-it'† (Lee pg. 145). Dill explains why he ran away from home and in his description of the way his parents treat him, there is a connection between good and evil. It can be classified as good that Dill’s parents buy him everything he wants. On an emotional level Dill feels detached and unimportant to his parents because once they buy him his toy, they leave him by himself. In his relationship with his parents, Dill feels that there is both good and evil. Lastly, Dill encounters both good and evil when he meets Mr. Dolphus Raymond. Mr. Dolphus Raymond shows his â€Å"evil† side to the community in Maycomb but shows his humanity when taking care of Dill during the trial. This is seen in the quote, â€Å"†Cry about the simple hell people give other people – without even thinking† (Lee pg. 201) Through Mr. Dolphus Raymond, Dill sees that there is always more than what is seen on the surface. Though Maycomb society sees Mr. Dolphus Raymond as a drunk, and therefore â€Å"evil†, Dill and Scout witness the good in him. In a way, Mr. Dolphus Raymond has more good than most people in Maycomb because he understands the way things should be. This influences Dill because he realizes that even though Mr. Dolphus Raymond is thought of as evil, he is actually good. Through Dill’s experiences with the trial, his parents, and Mr. Dolphus Raymond, Dill is exposed to the coinciding of good and evil. In this book, the person most exposed to the good and evil in society is Scout. In the course of the story, Scout is exposed to good and evil through the mob, the fire, and Boo Radley. Scout finds out that all people have good and bad sides, When Scout sees Atticus confronted by the mob, she at first feels that they are ready to hurt him, and in her eyes, the gang must be bad. Scout tries to stop the confrontation and in doing so, wakes up the good in Mr. Cunningham, the supposed mob leader. The reader sees that Scout changed something within Mr. Cunningham in the next quote: â€Å"Then he straightened up and waved a big paw. ‘Let’s clear out,’ he called† (Lee pg. 154). Mr. Cunningham acts humanely, unlike the way he acted within the mob. It is as if the mob as a whole is bad but each individual is good. Scout brings out the individual in the mob, bringing out the good from the bad. Another example of Scout’s encounter with good and evil is during the fire. In Maycomb County, there are a lot of stereotypical and prejudiced views. Scout is exposed to Atticus’ way of thinking of all people as equals, and to Scout this is good and the prejudice in Maycomb citizens is bad. During the fire, Scout sees that although there are people in Maycomb whose views are wrong, they were still at the fire, helping, proven in the following quote: â€Å"The men of Maycomb, in all degrees of dress and undress, took furniture from Miss Maudie’s house† (Lee pg.69). Maycomb society shows solidarity during the fire, which is good, though sometimes that very solidarity used for good is turned into a prejudiced view shared by most of the citizens of Maycomb, which is bad. Through the fire scene, Scout sees that although sometimes Maycomb is evil because of its racism and chauvinism, the community shows goodness when coming together to help Miss Maudie. Finally, Scout sees good in Boo Radley even though society portrays him as evil. When Bob Ewell tries to kill Jem and Scout, Boo saves them by killing Bob Ewell. Although murdering Bob was bad, Boo was doing good because he was protecting the children. The following quote shows that Scout knows Boo was trying to protect her: â€Å"‘Mr. Tate was right’ †¦ ‘Well, it’d sort of be like shootin’ a mockingbird, wouldn’t it? ‘† (Lee pg. 276). Scout understands that sometimes there is good even in the evilest of actions. Scout finally realizes that Boo Radley is indeed human and although he has always been portrayed as a monster, there is good in him. Through the mob, the fire and Boo Radley, Scout learns that there is always good where there is evil and vice versa. The theme of the coexistence of good and evil is emphasized in Harper Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird. Throughout the novel the reader sees the different events that characters are exposed to, thus affecting the way they perceive good and evil. One must start to realize that nothing is ever all good or all evil. The coexistence of good and evil can be seen everyday, out on the streets, in our schools, and in our homes.

11 Content Marketing Misconceptions That Make You Sound Dumb

11 Content Marketing Misconceptions That Make You Sound Dumb Content marketing is as popular as ever. According to Google Trends, it is actually more  popular than ever. Despite that popularity, how do you know that you are doing it right? You might be repeating some of these common content marketing misconceptions. Even worse, they might be making your sound dumb. You don’t want to sound dumb, do you? Of course not! Here are 11 of the most commonly repeated content marketing misconceptions that will make you sound dumb and (more importantly) how to avoid them. #1 ) â€Å"How do we best describe our product using content marketing?† Why you sound dumb: You’re doing it wrong. Content marketing isn’t about your product, it’s about the people that use your product. Give them what they really want. Content marketing has brought on a major shift from the status quo.  It is no longer about you and your product; it is about the people who use your product. You see, we used to create marketing materials that covered the features and benefits of our products, highlighting every mindless detail. That doesn’t work anymore.   Your audience wants more. Content marketing is about providing our audience with value in exchange for their time. This means giving them advice and helpful materials that enrich their lives and build trust with our brand. If you are trying to describe your products using content marketing, then you are definitely doing it wrong. Even if your product can technically â€Å"enrich your customers lives.† Focus your content marketing efforts on the subjects that your customers care about. What do they want to hear? What are the most common questions that they ask you? How you can answer them with content marketing? Read more: What Is Content Marketing (Really)? #2) â€Å"I wonder if we can hire an agency to do all this work for us.† Why you sound dumb:  The best content marketing will almost always come from you. Find the experts in your own team first. There are plenty of good agencies out there that can help you with your content marketing, but that doesnt necessarily mean they should be your first resource. Before you outsource, make sure you try things out on your own. Often the best content marketing is provided by the industry experts right within your own team. We all have industry experts on our team. They know what your customers want and how to talk to them so that they understand. Who are your experts, and and how can you get them involved in your content marketing efforts? Dont give up on this too soon. Read more:  How To Run The Perfect Content Planning Meeting #3) â€Å"We just need to create a viral video, that’s all.† Why you sound dumb:  Content marketing is a marathon and not sprint. You can improve your likelihood of virality, but it can’t be manufactured. Don’t look for a quick-fix solution. Viral videos are great, but dont think that you can turn and create one on a dime. While companies like Upworthy have proven that the chances of making something viral can be increased, it is not an exact science. In other words, you cant manufacture a viral video, and you probably shouldnt try. In marketing, it is tempting to become distracted by the one size fits all solution that feels like an easy way out. In reality, it probably wont work. Content marketing is about the long haul and the slow build. Concentrate on providing value and building trust, rather than being an overnight sensation. Read more:  25 Growth Hacks Your Content Marketing Desperately Needs #4) â€Å"First, let’s spend several months defining our content marketing strategy.† Why you sound dumb:  This is a decision that is made by fear. You don’t need a strategy, you need to make a commitment to trying new things and learning while you do it. The word strategy gets thrown around a lot in marketing, and usually it paints the wrong picture about what we need to do as marketers. The strategy term generally assumes that we can make a grand plan and execute it perfect. Both of these assumptions are incorrect. First of all, we dont always know that our marketing strategy will actually work. Secondly, we dont know what we are going to learn once we started executing our plan. The right way to do marketing is to simply start with something, learn from the results, and make constant revisions to our plan. We should never write out a step-by-step checklist and assume that we have it all figured out. We dont. Read more: Here’s Why You Don’t Need A â€Å"Content Marketing Strategy† #5) â€Å"I know, let’s draw some inspiration from the Coca-Cola campaign.† Why you sound dumb:  Yes, Coca-Cola has a pretty epic content marketing plan going on right now, but youre not Coca-Cola. Far too often marketers emulate the big advertising that they see around them rather than serving their own audience in a unique way.  This is why so many advertising agencies attempt to make funny commercials that simply try and build brand awareness rather than building trust. Its an easy mistake to make, because it is the type of marketing that we see every day. Take the Coca-Cola site ahhhh.com. It includes hundreds of web based games that are fun, addictive, and filled to the brim with iconography relating to the Coke brand. It is a great example of content marketing, but that doesnt mean that you need one too. Dont try to keep up with the big brands. Get to know what your audience wants, and give them what they need. Dont go chasing the big timers. Read more: 5 Ways To Find Truly Unique Blog Ideas #6) â€Å"Before we get too far, we need to decide what our brand message will be.† Why you sound dumb:  Don’t you see? You are not longer in charge of your message. Find the conversation that already exists and work your way into it. That or, simply provide big value and go from there. More than anything, social networking has changed how much control we have over our companys brand. With nothing more than a Facebook profile or Yelp account, your customers are now inventing your brands message on the fly. What your customers say about you is no longer up to you. Youre simply along for the ride. As content marketers, it is important that we focus our efforts on entering the conversation that is already happening rather than trying to invent our own. What are the hot topics surrounding your brand? What topics do people talk about the most within your industry? Attaching yourself to these discussions will be much more attainable than defining the messages yourself. Invest in the community that your brand serves, and they will probably invest back in you. Read more:  Should You Start A Google+ Community? #7) â€Å"We don’t really need images. Its all about keywords and SEO right?† Why you sound dumb:  Images add SEO value all by themselves. They also make your content better and more engaging. They are a big part of the content marketing puzzle. Images are hard. It can take a lot of work to come up with unique and interesting images for your blog, but it is probably worth the effort. Google Image search is often a large contributor to overall search traffic, and images themselves make your content more enjoyable and easier to digest. The big trick is to make sure that your images are unique, and not breaking any copyright laws. Read more: Are You Sure You’re Using Copyright-Free Images On Your Blog? #8) â€Å"We share our content on Facebook. Isn’t that enough?† Why you sound dumb:  You need to spend as much time on promotion as you spend on the content. This should include a social sharing schedule. A lot of effort in content marketing is wasted when content is created and not shared properly. The most common (and frustrating) scenario is a blog post that goes live only to be shared once our twice on social media. There is so much more that you can do! You simply must share your content more than once on social media. The strategy that we recommend actually includes creating a social media promotion schedule that happens every time you complete another blog post or publish another article on your site. The schedule could look something like this: On publish – Social message sent when blog post goes live Same day – Initial social messages trickle out to your accounts over the next 2-3 hours. Next day – Messages are shared again on the appropriate social channels. Next week – Another series of messages are pre-scheduled and sent the following week. Next month – Even more social messages are pre-scheduled for the following month. Next _____ – Additional messages can optionally be scheduled for the three-month mark or beyond. By incorporating this type of schedule, you can nearly double the number clicks and shares that your post will see. It is a win-win scenario that many of us fail to execute. Read more: How To Promote Your Blog With Social Media #9) â€Å"Content quality doesn’t matter. We just need to trick the search engines.† Why you sound dumb:  You can’t trick the search engines. They actually care about quality more now than ever. With every update to their algorithm, Google is putting content quality at the forefront of their process. Blogger Neil Patel does a great job outlining Googles algorithm changes over that last several years. It is very clear that Google likes good quality content, and even more importantly, knows it when it sees it. The question is, do you? Many times, we look to take a quantity over quality approach to creating content. We publish more content with fewer words and hope to break through in the Google rankings. Not so fast. Content marketing is not a race for more content, it is a race for better content. In fact, many bloggers are choosing to cut back on the amount of content they create just so they can focus on creating better content from the get go.

Dr. Maria Montessori, Founder of Montessori Schools

Dr. Maria Montessori, Founder of Montessori Schools Dates: Born: August 31, 1870 in Chiaravalle, Italy.Died: May 6, 1952 in Noordwijk, The Netherlands. Early Adulthood: An extraordinarily gifted person with the scholarly bent of a Madame Curie and the compassionate soul of a Mother Teresa, Dr.  Maria Montessori was ahead of her time. She became Italys first female doctor when she graduated in 1896. Initially, she took care of childrens bodies and their physical ailments and diseases. Then her natural intellectual curiosity led to an exploration of childrens minds and how they learn. She believed that environment was a major factor in child development. Professional Life: Appointed Professor of Anthropology at the University of Rome in 1904, Montessori represented Italy at two international womens conferences: Berlin in 1896 and London in 1900. She amazed the world of education with her glass classroom at the Panama-Pacific International Exhibition in San Francisco in 1915, which allowed people to observe the classroom. In 1922 she was appointed Inspector of Schools in Italy. She lost that position when she refused to have her young charges take the fascist oath as the dictator Mussolini required. Travels to America: Montessori visited the U.S. in 1913 and impressed Alexander Graham Bell who founded the Montessori Education Association in his Washington, D.C. home. Her American friends included Helen Keller and Thomas Edison.  She also conducted training sessions and addressed the NEA and the International Kindergarten Union. Training Her Followers: Montessori was a teacher of teachers. She wrote and lectured unceasingly. She opened a research institute in Spain in 1917 and conducted training courses in London in 1919. She founded training centers in the Netherlands in 1938 and taught her methodology in India in 1939. She established centers in The Netherlands (1938) and England (1947). An ardent pacifist,  Montessori escaped harm during the turbulent 20s and 30s by advancing her educational mission in the face of hostilities. Honors: She earned Nobel Peace Prize nominations in 1949, 1950 and 1951. Educational Philosophy: Montessori was profoundly influenced by Fredrich Froebel, the inventor of kindergarten, and by Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, who believed  children learned through activity. She also drew inspiration from Itard, Seguin and Rousseau. She enhanced their approaches by adding her own belief that we must follow the child. One does not teach children, but rather creates a nurturing climate in which children can teach themselves through creative activity and exploration. Methodology: Montessori wrote over a dozen books.The most well known are  Montessori Method (1916) and The Absorbent Mind (1949). She taught that placing children in a stimulating environment will encourage learning. She saw the traditional teacher as a keeper of the environment who was there to facilitate the childrens self-conducted learning process.   Legacy: The  Montessori Method  got its start with the opening of the original Casa Dei Bambini in the slum district of Rome known as San Lorenzo. Montessori took fifty deprived ghetto children and awakened them to lifes excitement and possibilities. Within months people came from near and far to see her in action and to learn her strategies. She founded the Association Montessori Internationale in 1929 so that her teachings and educational philosophy would flourish in perpetuity. In the 21st Century: Montessoris pioneering work  began at the beginning of the twentieth century. One hundred years later, her philosophy and approach remain  fresh and in tune with modern minds. In particular, her work resonates with parents who seek to stimulate children through creative activity and exploration in all its forms. Children educated in Montessori Schools know who they are as people. They are confident, at ease with themselves, and interact on a high social plane with peers and adults. Montessori students are naturally curious about their surroundings and eager to explore.   Montessori Schools have spread throughout the world. What Montessori started as a scientific investigation has flourished as a monumental humanitarian and pedagogical endeavor.  After her death in 1952, two members of her  family continued her work. Her son directed the AMI until his death in 1982.  Her granddaughter has been active as Secretary-General of the AMI. Article edited by  Stacy Jagodowski.

Controversial Behavioral Management Techniques for ADHD Research Paper

Controversial Behavioral Management Techniques for ADHD - Research Paper Example This essay stresses that there are those who think that it is merely a label that justifies the unruly behavior of students who need more rigorous discipline. Within the educational perspective, teachers keep on looking for correct knowledge about ADHD that will help them create classroom management techniques that are effective for students with this condition. Most of ADHD diagnoses come from teachers’ observations, and several of the symptoms of the condition oblige teachers to give a diagnosis, such as â€Å"the child often fails to give close attention to details or make careless mistakes in schoolwork, work, or other activities†. This paper makes a conclusion that when children with ADHD go to school, they are affected by the teachers’ method or techniques, as well as the school’s viewpoint about behavioral management. It is widely recognized that ADHD seldom arises alone; it is frequently complemented by comorbid disorders, like learning disabilities or oppositional defiant disorder. Sooner or later, this behavior could result in deviant behavioral patterns. In numerous instances, the delinquent behavior is simply bothersome or possibly makes the teacher annoyed. The initial idea could be â€Å"I’ve got to punish this behavior to stop it†. This is where controversial behavioral management techniques for ADHD come in. The first is corporal punishment or physical punishment. This technique does lead to inhibition of a problematic behavior, but it does not eliminate it. ... When children with ADHD go to school, they are affected by the teachers’ method or techniques, as well as the school’s viewpoint about behavioral management. It is widely recognized that ADHD seldom arises alone; it is frequently complemented by comorbid disorders, like learning disabilities or oppositional defiant disorder. Sooner or later, this behavior could result in deviant behavioral patterns (Hornby et al., 2013). In numerous instances, the delinquent behavior is simply bothersome or possibly makes the teacher annoyed. The initial idea could be â€Å"I’ve got to punish this behavior to stop it† (Flick, 2010, 101). This is where controversial behavioral management techniques for ADHD come in. The first is corporal punishment or physical punishment. This technique does lead to inhibition of a problematic behavior, but it does not eliminate it. The student discontinues the behavior but relapses to it eventually. The punishing teacher actually embodies the behavior s/he wants to get rid of. The student gets the message that physical punishment is an effective way of coping with problems such as this (Flick, 2010). It is also necessary to mention that corporal punishment is normally used long after the student shows the problematic behavior. The main point is it is unwise to exercise corporal punishment in school. Simply put, it is completely unsuccessful in managing behavior issues, and it is useless with ADHD. Studies report detrimental consequences of exercising physical punishment (Southall, 2007). A particular type of punishment less harsh than corporal punishment is the verbal scolding. This implies that the student is verbally reprimanded for showing improper